Agents' Last Doubt: Knowing When to Act and When to Step Back in Tool-Using Agents

arXiv cs.AIOctober 20, 2026en

arXiv cs.AI

AI Global Wire

arXiv:2610.24194v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Tool-using LLM agents repeatedly face decision points under uncertainty, choosing between autonomous action, additional information gathering, and human escalation. These decisions require balancing task success against interaction cost and the risk of irreversible errors. Learning to make these trade-offs is challenging because existing interaction trajectories record only the outcomes of actions taken, leaving the consequences of alternative actions unobserved. To address this gap, we construct a counterfactual dataset containing 3,115 action outcomes from 1,036 decision points in ToolSandbox. At each decision point, we execute each legal act

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