An Evidence-Driven Multi-Agent Compound AI System for Head and Neck Proton Radiotherapy Planning

arXiv cs.AIOctober 22, 2026en

arXiv:2610.29010v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Radiation treatment planning requires balancing competing objectives to satisfy clinical criteria while accommodating physicians' preferences. This study aims to develop an evidence-driven, multi-agent compound AI system that integrates DRL-based automated treatment planning with LLM-based conversational plan refinement for proton PBS therapy. A policy network trained using PPO first generates multiple plans without human intervention, from which one is selected as the target plan and the others serve as references for subsequent refinements. For challenging cases requiring further adjustments, an LLM-based multi-agent system enables plan refin

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