DENSE: Distilling Agent Trajectories into Evidence-Grounded Shortcut Trees for Self-Refinement

arXiv cs.AISeptember 21, 2026en

arXiv:2609.21423v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Online agent deployments produce abundant execution traces, while task-specific verification and expert annotation are costly to scale. We study how to distill these traces into reusable feedback without post-hoc outcome labels, drawing on their evidence of local progress, recovery, and unfinished requirements. We introduce DENSE (Distilling Evidence from Nested Subtask Executions), which organizes this evidence into evidence-grounded nested shortcut trees. DENSE compresses redundant attempts, reconciles issues across levels using recovery evidence, and summarizes completed branches while expanding unresolved ones, linking reusable progress to

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