Grounded but Not Immune: Confirmation Bias in Agent-as-a-judge

arXiv cs.AINovember 5, 2026en

arXiv:2611.05662v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evaluating open-ended agent tasks increasingly falls to an Agent-as-a-Judge: an evaluator handed tools and the agent's full trajectory so it can verify a result against the environment. The premise is that a judge that gathers its own evidence should be grounded by it. We show that this grounding does not immunize the judge against confirmation bias: a single false pre-screening note, attributed to an authority and carrying no evidential bearing on the correct verdict, overturns up to 40% of a tool-using judge's correct verdicts across four judges and five datasets, even though the judge collects decisive evidence. The shift is driven by specif

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