How to Have a Sensitive Debate: An Instance-Optimal Protocol for AI Debate

arXiv cs.AIOctober 5, 2026en

arXiv:2610.02557v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As powerful AI systems reach and sometimes surpass the abilities of human experts across a range of cognitively demanding tasks, the problem of accurate oversight and supervision of these systems has become increasingly urgent. One promising approach is AI debate, which seeks to leverage a debate between two powerful AIs to break complex questions down into simpler claims that can be easily judged directly. Theoretical work on debate has formalized this intuition in the language of computational complexity theory, where the goal is to design protocols (i.e., rules of the debate game) that provide rigorous guarantees on correctness for judging s

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