Hypothesis-guided discovery of cognitive algorithms via program refinement

arXiv cs.AIOctober 5, 2026en

arXiv:2610.02523v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Developing cognitive models of algorithmic reasoning from behavioral data is a central problem in cognitive science that challenges current methods. Traditional approaches to cognitive modeling are interpretable and benefit from human expertise, but lack flexibility and scalability. Emerging techniques using large language models (LLMs) for de novo generation of cognitive models are scalable and flexible, but lack a role for human expertise and have mostly been applied to simpler tasks than algorithm recovery. We propose a hybrid system that treats discovery of cognitive algorithms as a program refinement problem. Human-created cognitive models

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