Is Your Neighborhood Safe? Place-based Stigma in Large Language Models' Urban Safety Judgments

arXiv cs.AIAugust 28, 2026en

arXiv:2608.26188v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models are increasingly used to inform safety decisions in cities, such as where it is safe to walk, rent, or travel. We ask whether such judgments track measured risk or the patterns attached to an urban neighborhood's name. We probe seven instruct-tuned models under three conditions that dissociate name from geography: coordinates-only, name-only, and name+coordinates, across 186 neighborhoods in Los Angeles and Chicago, joined to violent crime and American Community Survey data. First, ratings are nearly flat under coordinates for six of seven models, while names carry most between neighborhood variation and are moderately cal

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