The Normalization of Deviance in AI Development

arXiv cs.AISeptember 9, 2026en

arXiv:2609.05749v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Work on the risks of artificial intelligence has focused predominantly on capability risk: the danger that systems become too powerful, too autonomous, or too misaligned with human values. Far less attention has been paid to the organizational level---to whether the institutions building these systems are themselves predisposed to drift toward failure. This paper argues that they are. Regardless of how capable AI systems become, the organizations building them face the same structural dynamics that preceded past major technological disasters. Drawing on case studies of the Space Shuttle Challenger, the Three Mile Island accident, and the Boeing

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