Behavioral History Outperforms Descriptions of the Person for LLM Synthetic Personas

arXiv cs.AIOctober 6, 2026en

arXiv:2610.03998v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as synthetic personas representing survey respondents. Their validity as substitutes for particular respondents depends on whether they reproduce individuals' decisions. We examine what information helps synthetic respondents predict each individual's later choices, using five conditions that add progressively richer information: no personal information, demographics, personality traits, cognitive scores, and finally the respondent's earlier survey choices as behavioral history. We use a two-wave panel of 845 US adults who completed measures of 14 behavioral biases (spanning risk, time preferen

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