CST-Bench: Benchmarking Counterfactual Spatial Transition Reasoning with Causal Transition On-Policy Self-Distillation

arXiv cs.AINovember 6, 2026en

arXiv:2611.07541v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Spatial reasoning is a fundamental capability of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), yet existing benchmarks mainly focus on static scene understanding. When objects are moved or swapped, models must infer not only spatial relations but also how interventions change the scene state. To address this problem, we introduce CST-Bench, a benchmark for counterfactual spatial reasoning. CST-Bench contains 7,082 examples covering 6 intervention types and 12 transformation operators, with dense causal annotations including intervention sources, affected relations, expected effects, invariant relations, and metric changes. We benchmark general-purp

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