Failure Is the Mother of Success: Recovering Supervision with Grounding Hindsight

arXiv cs.AIOctober 16, 2026en

arXiv:2610.21018v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When every rollout for a problem fails, GRPO receives neither a successful exemplar nor a nonzero group-relative advantage, so it learns nothing from exactly the problems it most needs to learn. The failed reasoning can nevertheless suggest what to try next. We present Replay-Selected Hindsight Distillation (RSHD), which turns failed attempts into an additional, tested source of supervision during GRPO training. The policy writes a corrective note about each failed attempt without seeing a reference answer or solution, then re-solves the problem with the note in context. A note is admitted only if its replays succeed more often than the origina

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